What transformation does the reformer perform on naphtha?

The reformer is designed to enhance the quality of naphtha by converting low octane naphtha into high octane liquid products. This process involves several reactions, including dehydrogenation, isomerization, and cyclization, which fundamentally alter the structure of the hydrocarbons present in naphtha.

By converting straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons into branched-chain isomers and aromatic compounds, the reforming process significantly increases the octane rating of the naphtha. High octane products are crucial for gasoline formulations as they allow for higher compression ratios in engines, leading to improved performance and fuel efficiency. This transformation is essential in modern refining processes to meet increasingly stringent fuel specifications and maximize the value derived from crude oil.

The other options do not accurately represent the role of the reformer; notably, the reformer does not produce low octane products or solid forms, nor does it separate naphtha into distinct liquid components. Instead, it focuses on upgrading the existing low octane naphtha to more valuable high octane fuels.