Why is desulfurization an important process in refining?

Desulfurization is crucial in refining primarily to meet environmental regulations. The process involves the removal of sulfur compounds from crude oil and its derivatives to produce cleaner fuels. High levels of sulfur in fuels can contribute to the formation of harmful emissions such as sulfur dioxide when the fuel is burned. These emissions can lead to air pollution, acid rain, and various health issues. As environmental standards become stricter globally, refineries are required to lower the sulfur content in fuels to comply with these regulations, thereby making desulfurization an essential step in the refining process. By ensuring that fuels have reduced sulfur levels, refineries are contributing to a cleaner environment and promoting sustainability in the energy sector.